Companion animals that have a long-term need for anticoagulant drug therapies may soon find help in a top-selling antiplatelet drug marketed to humans: clopidogrel, commonly known by the trade name Plavix.
UGA researchers in the College of Veterinary Medicine have found that clopidogrel may be a safe and effective treatment for dogs that need long-term anticoagulant therapy. In addition, it may offer a safe alternative to NSAIDs for treating dogs at risk of thromboembolism due to concurrent therapeutic use of corticosteroids.
Other than aspirin, there are currently no approved antiplatelet drug therapies available to prophylactically treat companion animals with known or suspected hypercoagulability. Anticoagulants are often used for patients who need long-term treatment, but many animal owners are reluctant to administer injectable drugs to their pets.
In addition, critically ill dogs are at risk for thromboembolic disease, including pulmonary and aortic thromboembolism, both of which are associated with severe illness and death. Dogs that develop thrombosis and are subsequently treated with thrombolytic agents are at a substantial risk of hemorrhage or metabolic instability.
The researchers wanted to evaluate clopidogrel as a potential treatment for dogs with hypercoagulability due to excessive platelet activation. Clopidogrel, which is only available as an oral therapy, has been safely administered to cats, rabbits and calves, but little has been published about its effects in dogs.
In a study of healthy dogs, researchers found that most dogs had a significant inhibition of platelet function within three hours of receiving clopidogrel. All of the dogs in the study tolerated the drug well and showed no evidence of bruising, hemorrhage or other adverse effects. In addition, platelet activity returned to normal levels within approximately seven days after the drug was discontinued, which is similar to the response found in humans.
Researchers cautioned that the study provides data only on the effectiveness of clopidogrel in healthy dogs, and not on dogs that are ill or receiving other drugs.
The research team included Dr. Benjamin M. Brainard and Dr. Steven C. Budsberg, both from the UGA veterinary college; Dr. Stephanie A. Kleine of Georgia Veterinary Specialists; and Dr. Mark G. Papich of North Carolina State University.